Structures in Steel Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Standards
Steel building construction is one of the most important sectors in industrial construction, where the use of appropriate structural elements has a direct impact on the strength, efficiency, and safety of the building. In this article, we explore the role of structural components in steel building construction, the types of materials used, and the necessary standards—providing technical insights and guidance for engineers and investors in this field.
Structures in Steel Building Construction: Definition and Importance
In steel building construction, structures refer to all building components involved in the erection of a steel structure, including the foundation, columns, walls, and roof. Proper design and execution of these components increase durability, reduce maintenance costs, and enhance energy efficiency.
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Foundation in Steel Building Construction
The foundation plays a fundamental role in the stability of a steel building, as it transfers the overall structural load and external forces to the ground. The type of foundation is selected based on soil conditions, the building’s weight, and its intended use.
Types of Foundations in Steel Building Construction:
Isolated (Pad) Foundation: Suitable for lightweight, low-rise structures
Strip Foundation: Ideal for buildings with moderate loads
Raft (Mat) Foundation: Used for large structures with heavy loads
Pile Foundation: Appropriate for weak soils or areas with high groundwater levels
Features of a Standard Foundation:
Use of reinforced concrete with adequate compressive strength
Proper depth and width to prevent settlement
Use of ribbed (deformed) rebar to enhance structural integrity
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Frame and Columns of Steel Buildings
The steel frame of an industrial building is typically made from structural steel and plays a crucial role in the overall stability of the structure. Columns and beams must be designed according to engineering calculations and international standards.
Types of Steel Sections Used in Steel Frames:
H-Beam: High strength, suitable for wide spans
I-Beam: Used for lightweight, low-rise buildings
Box Section: Resistant to torsion, ideal for seismic zones
Key Features of a Standard Steel Frame:
Use of stainless or galvanized steel to prevent corrosion
Precision welding and quality control testing
Compliance with international standards such as ASTM and DIN
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Walls and Cladding of Steel Buildings
The walls of a steel structure can be constructed using various materials, depending on the project’s specific requirements. Common options include:
Types of Walls in Steel Buildings:
Brick Walls: Durable and cost-effective, but heavy
Sandwich Panels: Lightweight, thermally insulated, and quick to install
Galvanized Sheets: Corrosion-resistant, ideal for humid environments
Precast Concrete Walls: Strong and quick to assemble
Advantages of Using Sandwich Panels in Steel Buildings:
Reduction in the structure’s dead load
Improved thermal insulation and reduced energy consumption
High resistance to fire: The roof of an industrial shed and its types of coverings:
Roof of Steel Buildings and Its Cladding Types
The roof of a steel building plays a vital role in protecting equipment and the interior space. The choice of roofing material depends on the building’s function, climate conditions, and project budget.
Types of Roof Cladding for Steel Buildings:
Galvanized Sheets: Lightweight, durable, and long-lasting
Roof Sandwich Panels: Insulated with polyurethane, ideal for energy efficiency
UPVC Cladding: Resistant to corrosion and weather conditions
Transparent Polycarbonate Sheets: Suitable for skylights and natural lighting
Key Features of a Standard Steel Building Roof:
Resistance to wind and earthquakes
Proper insulation to reduce energy costs
Adequate slope design for rainwater drainage
Key Standards in Steel Building Construction
Adherence to national and international standards in the execution of steel building components significantly enhances the safety and longevity of the structure. Some of the most important standards include:
Iran National Building Code – Section 6: Design of steel structures
Iran National Building Code – Section 9: Requirements for the design and execution of reinforced concrete
ASTM A36 Standard: Specifications for structural steel
DIN EN 1090 Standard: Quality control for welded steel structures
Conclusion
Steel building construction involves various components such as the foundation, frame, walls, and roof—each playing a critical role in the strength and efficiency of the structure. Selecting appropriate materials, following construction standards, and properly executing each part of the structure are essential to ensuring the long-term safety and durability of the building.